World science society started the experiments and researches the interaction between solar activity, cosmic rays and cloud cover in troposphere since the last century.Today we know that atmosphere of the Earth is in constant interaction with outer intergalactic space. The basic resource of influence on the Earth atmosphere is the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR), which has been discovered as the physical phenomenon in 1912.
Since the moment of Galactic Cosmic Rays discovering, numerous researches and the experiments, intended to define main laws of Galactic Cosmic Rays origin and their interrelations with activity of the Sun and the Earth have been carried out. Mainly protons generated by supernovae and other energy sources in our Galaxy compose Primary Galactic Cosmic rays.
The powerful Solar Flares of Sun also generate flux of the accelerated charged particles; they basically appear in a low-energy part of a spectrum. These particles are called as Solar Cosmic Rays. High-Energy Galactic Cosmic Rays are able to reach the Earth surface.
On entering the heliosphere, charged cosmic rays are deflected by the inhomogeneous magnetic fields of the solar wind and by Earth`s dipole field. Reaching the troposphere, the High-Energy Cosmic Rays create an extensive, with the width of many kilometers, cascade of ionized particles and electromagnetic radiation. The term of Cascade means that the one single particle (proton, a nucleus or electron) strikes an atom in the air so as to produce many high energy ions which in turn create more, and so on creating the Secondary Cosmic rays below about 6-km altitude.
There are at least two major effects of cosmic rays on the electrical properties of the atmosphere: Cosmic rays provide the sole source of ions away from terrestrial sources of radioisotopes such as radon, and cosmic ray variations directly influence the global atmospheric electric circuit. Cosmic ray ionization maintains the atmosphere as very dilute electrically conducting plasma, allowing a continuous electrical current to pass from the ionosphere to Earth`s surface.
Many scientists all around the world follow the study today with idea to prove the theory that atmospheric ionization and clouds are links between solar activity and climate. Numerous publishing followed studying and modeling in field of atmospheric electricity, clouds microphysics temperature and dynamics in troposphere. High correlation between flux of GCR changes reaching the atmosphere, and the area occupied with clouds is found out. GCR influence on precipitation: during GCR reduction in atmosphere of the Earth precipitation level decreases. And precipitation intensity increases with increasing of GCR flux due to arrival to atmosphere of the particles accelerated by solar flare.It is clear, however, that there are several mechanisms by which cosmic ray ionization may influence clouds and the climate system. One of the important processes is ion-induced nucleation of new aerosol and ice particle formation. Laboratory observations have shown that ions can act as sources for new particles,and recent aircraft measurements have found evidence for cosmic ray-induced aerosol formation in the upper troposphere.
Ion-induced nucleation of new particles from trace condensable vapors and water in atmosphere.
The presence of charge stabilizes the embryonic cluster and reduces the critical size for continued growth rather than evaporation. Charge also accelerates the initial rate of growth of the cluster due to enhanced vapor condensation. In consequence, limited by the available charge from GCRs, new particles can form even in the presence of exceptionally low concentrations of trace vapors, as occurs in widespread regions of the atmosphere. Provided there are few existing aerosol (clean environment), some of these new particles may grow sufficiently to become new cloud condensation nuclei which seed cloud droplets. Thus, it is possible to assume, that artificially injection of ions in atmosphere are capable to correct and manage atmospheric processes locally.
